hard X-ray

MeerKAT imaging spectroscopy reveals multiple electron acceleration sites in a solar flare by Luo et al.

June 9, 2026

Solar flares are the most explosive energy-release events in the solar corona, leading to intense particle acceleration, plasma heating, and bulk plasma motions on short timescales. Core questions during solar flares remain unresolved, including how and where particle acceleration occurs, and how energized electrons propagate through coronal magnetic structures. Radio observations, due to their unique sensitivity to nonthermal and thermal electrons, serve as powerful diagnostics of electron dynamics and high-temperature […]

solar flare X-ray light-curves

Non-thermal energy release in the post-impulsive phase of the May 9, 2021 event by M. Zhang et al.

March 17, 2026

The acceleration of charged particles is an ubiquitous phenomenon in solar flares. Non-thermal electrons are especially probed by their hard X-ray (HXR) and radio emissions. Most flare analyses concern the impulsive flare phase, where the X-ray signatures are the most intense (i.e., the time range between the start and peak time of the soft X-ray burst).The post-impulsive phase of eruptive flares with its signatures of destabilization and the eruption of […]

Connecting energetic electrons at the Sun and in the heliosphere through X-ray and radio diagnostics by D. Paipa-Leon et al.

June 10, 2025

Solar flares accelerate energetic electrons. While some of them escape into interplanetary space and produce interplanetary Type III solar radio bursts, the electrons interacting with the solar atmosphere produce Hard X-ray emission (HXR). Many studies relating the observations of type III radio bursts and HXR emissions have been performed since the first observations of their temporal association (e.g., Kane 1972, 1981). More recently, statistical studies were done by https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2025/02/aa52278-24/aa52278-24.html and James & Vilmer (2023)  […]

X-ray/Radio Quasi-periodic Pulsations Associated with Plasmoids in Solar Flare Current Sheets by Kumar, Karpen, and Dahlin

April 15, 2025

Plasmoids (or magnetic islands) are believed to play an important role in the onset of fast magnetic reconnection and particle acceleration during solar flares and eruptions. Direct imaging of flare current sheets and formation/ejection of multiple plasmoids in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images, along with simultaneous X-ray and radio observations, provides significant insights into the mechanisms driving particle acceleration in solar flares. Previous studies have proposed that decimetric radio bursts and […]

Generation of Series of Meter/Decimeter III type Bursts During Thermal Phase of Solar Flare by Meshalkina and Altyntsev

October 22, 2024

It has been established that decimeter type III bursts are generated in the upper corona by electron beams. However, many questions remain about their sources to this day. Some were associated with the jets generated by regular solar flares, but most were found to be associated with weak energy release events. The purpose of this work is to determine the relationship of meter and decimeter III type bursts with the […]